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War Horror 

ITS LESSON TO AMERICA 

A Plain Statement of Facts 

NOT A CONTROVERSY 

By RICHARD M. M c C A N N 



Published by 

WATERWAYS & COMMERCE 
150 Nassau Street New York City 

TEN CENTS PER COPY 

Second Edition, Revised 



Jforeworb 

War Would End If Money Kings Willed It 

Having called to her aid South African Negroes, 
the brown men of India and the browner men of 
Japan, England is now resorting to every device to 
embroil the people of the United States in the 
Money Clique's inhuman attempt to crush Ger- 
many and maintain the money control of the world. 
In line with this, a partner of the banking house of 
J. Pierpont Morgan & Co. has declared that Amer- 
ica must help the Allies, and that declaration has 
been followed by a propaganda in the daily news- 
papers, calculated to inflame the people to action 
against their own best interests. Of this news- 
paper propaganda George Bernard Shaw writes : 

"The appalling danger of a daily deluge of cheap 
newspapers written by n,ameless men and women 
whose scandalously 1ca\"*. payment is a guarantee of 
their ignorance and servility to the financial de- 
partment, controlled by a money class, which has 
large direct interests in war as a method of raising 
the price of money, the only commodity the money 
class has to sell. Plutocracy makes for war be- 
cause it offers prizes to plutocrats." 

This book is written to warn the people of the 
United States that they have at all times been mis- 
led and are today being misled by an international 
group of money dealers, whose machinations have 






1^. 






f 



brought about this terrible war and whose greed 
for gold is causing its continuance. 

Elsewhere, will be found a summary of the sev- 
eral money conspiracies against the people success- 
fully carried out by the money clique since the 
Civil War of 1862. People must bear in mind that 
these international money dealers do not profit ex- 
travagantly from commercial conditions in time of 
peace. At such times, money is easy and does not 
sell at a premium. In times of commercial dis- 
turbance — particularly in war — money becomes 
dear and usurious interest can be extracted from 
every branch of industry. The longer the war con- 
tinues, therefore, the more the international money 
controllers gain. An intelligent, aggressive public 
opinion is the only power that can thwart the de- 
signs of these money dealers. 

Can such a public opinion be aroused in the 
United States? It is to present these matters for 
the consideration of the public that this book is 
written. If people reason correctly, they will act 
right. 

The crushing of Germany — if that were possible 
— would only mean a war between England and 
Russia and France. Remember that France hopes 
to regain Alsace and Lorraine and Russia covets 
Constantinople and Baltic Prussia to get control of 
the sea. England could not consent to placing such 
power in Russia's hands and neither could she prof- 
it by the advancement of France. The triumph of 
the Allies means the continuation of the world war. 
The triumph of Germany means the speedy estab- 
lishment of world peace. 

Richard M. McCann. 



America and the War 



Defeat of Germany Would 
Hurt Democracy 



By RICHARD M. McCANN 

Editor ''Waterways and Commerce" 

Life is complex ; no human formula applies to all 
its phases. Evolution, the motive power of events, 
evades formulation. 

Says Aeschylus : "It is an old saw that great 
prosperity does not die childless, but brings insati- 
able woe on a race. Wealth is no protection to a 
man when he has spurned the altar of right. A 
wretched impulse drives him on, the irresistible, 
far-scheming child of folly." 

These thoughts of the valiant soldier and inspired 
poet who died 450 B. C. seem particularly pertinent 
to a consideration of the causes that have involved 
the great nations of Europe in war. We citizens 
of the United States who represent in the persons 
of our electorate natives or children of natives of 
each warring nation should make an impartial 
study of the combatants. 

Russia, France and England are so vast in 
wealth and population that they appear to encom- 
pass all there is of power on the Globe. 



Germany is not as large in area as the State of 
Texas ! Texas has 265,780 square miles, Germany 
208,830 square miles. But there the comparison 
ends. 

And this little section of the world has been so 
intensely worked that it rivals Enorland in the for- 
eign trade of the world. 

More than 80 per cent, of the German railroads 
are owned by the Imperial or State government. 
There are more than 2,000 miles of electric rail- 
roads, 6,000 miles of navigable rivers, 1,500 miles 
of canalized rivers and 1,500 miles of canals. The 
Kaiser Wilhelm or Kiel Canal, connects the North 
Sea with the Baltic and is 61 miles long, with an 
average depth to permit the passage of the largest 
ship. Its cost, upward of $70,000,000, has been 
more than repaid by the protection it has afforded 
the German navy. 

These waterways of Germany are equipped with 
the most improved mechanical devices for handling- 
cargoes from big or little ships and are a means 
of revenue to the people. The waterways of the 
United States cost the people $100,000,000 annually 
in taxes and' are of negligible benefit to commerce, 
while the waterways of England are useless. 

The railways of Germany pay a profit of $5,000 
a mile — what of the railways of the United States? 

The expenses of the empire of Germany are paid 
by the profits from the postal service, the tele- 
graphs, telephones and state railroads. 

WHAT REVENUE DOES THE UNITED 
STATES RECEIVE FROM THESE 
SOURCES? 



So much for the material side of Germany. Let 
us glance at the mental or educational side. 

School instruction is obligatory on the whole peo- 
ple, and the government is liberal to extravagance 
in the promotion of primary and secondary edu- 
cation. There are 25 universities with 70,000 stu- 
dents. The leading universities are in Berlin, 
Munich, Bonn, Leipsic, Halle, Heidelberg and 
Breslau. There are also technical and polytechnic 
schools, the Naval Academy at Kiel, Military Acad- 
emies at Munich and Berlin, besides 60 schools of 
navigation, 15 special military schools and 10 cadet 
institutions. 

And all of this in a territory less in area than 
the State of Texas. Think of it ! There is a rea- 
son — and that reason is: 

The revenues of the German Empire have been 
honestly expended. 

The government of Germany is that of a consti- 
tutional monarchy, the present empire dating from 
1871. The supreme direction in military and politi- 
cal affairs is vested in the King of Prussia, who in 
this capacity bears the title "German Emperor," 
The Kaiser! 

He represents the nation internationally, and can 
declare war, if defensive, and make peace, as well 
as enter into treaties with other nations, and appoint 
and receive ambassadors. 

Remember, the Kaiser cannot declare offensive 
war. A war of offense can only he declared by the 
legislative authority which is vested in the Bundes- 
rath, representing the individual German states, and 
appointed by the governments of each state for the 
session, and the Reichstag, representing the nation 



at large, and elected by universal suffrage, - for a 
term of five years. 

Surely this should satisfy the most skeptical that 
the German people realize that the present war is 
a defense of their liberties, of their commerce, yea, 
of their hearthstones. 

Compare the orchard and farm lands of Germany 
with those of England. 

A large part of the surface of England consists 
of wide valleys and plains. It is well supplied with 
rivers. Most of them carry their waters to the 
North Sea. If we consider the drainage as a 
whole, four principal river basins may be distin- 
guished, those of the Thames, Wash and Humber 
belonging to the German ocean and the Severn be- 
longing to the Atlantic. 

Notwithstanding these advantages, England ])ro- 
duces nothing of value to the nation in the form 
of crops. Her waterways have been practically 
abandoned and her national energies devoted to 
foreign trade aggradizement rather than domestic 
development. Notwithstanding Magna Charta, 
Cromwell and Home Rule for Ireland, men of 
wealth have always ruled England. The acquisi- 
tion of money — financial success has been the goal 
of the nation since the days of the Armada. The 
comfort and prosperity of the people have never 
been the concern of her legislators. 

It is evident that a race entirely occupied in legis- 
lation enacted to seize the property or possessions 
of other people and profit by their production, 
rather than devote their energies to home devel- 
opment, has but a rudimentary humanity, a narrow 
ethics, a narrow religion. 



During thfe recent discussion in the United States 
Senate on the Rivers and Harbors Bill, the Hon. 
F, M. Simmons, of North Carolina, said : 

''Germany, probably, of all countries of the 
world has developed its water transportation 
to the highest state of perfection. Her rivers 
are not deep, but their channels are in good 
condition. Her terminal facilities and physical 
railroad connections at stopping points are of 
the best. If you will go to that country and 
visit the Rhine you will see that stream full of 
barges, from ten to twelve hundred ton capac- 
ity each, six, eight, and even more of them 
linked together and drawn up and down the 
river with one powerful tug, with perfect ar- 
rangements for loading and unloading, and with 
economic physical connection with the railroads 
which receive their cargoes and distribute them 
into the interior. 

"Our failure to take thought of these things 
and to provide for them accounts in part for 
the backwardness of water transportation in 
this country. 

"What has Germany accomplished as a re- 
sult of building her waterways and linking them 
together, and thus securing the cheapest pos- 
sible freight rates for her manufacturers? Ger- 
many, starting from a position of inferiority, 
with a comparatively small foreign trade in the 
markets of the non-manufacturing countries, 
largely pre-empted and monopolized by other 
nations, has gone forward with such strides, 
with such rapid, unparalleled strides, in the 
struggle for trade that in less than 50 years she 

8 



has become probably the most dangerous com- 
petitor for world's trade among the industrial 
nations of the world. She has successfully met 
the competition of England, for years recog- 
nized as the mistress of the sea and the mon- 
arch of world commerce. She has successfully 
met the competition of France, Belgium, and of 
our own country. Against all opposition she 
has acquired a foothold here and there and 
everywhere and expanded and grown until she 
has forced herself to the front ranks of the 
great industrial nations who in modern times 
have waged war in all the ports of the world 
for industrial supremacy. 

"For years when we were considering tariff 
legislation the competition of England was con- 
stantly dinged into our ears. We were told that 
we could not compete in our own markets with 
English products in the absence of high pro- 
tective duties. England was the country held 
up to us as the country of greatest efficiency in 
production, the country where things could be 
made cheaper than anywhere else, and the 
country whose competition we had most to fear, 
both at home and abroad. In recent years when 
we have been making tariff bills we have heard 
less of England and more of Germany. Ger- 
many, we are now told, is the country of great- 
est efficiency in production ; the country of 
cheapest production ; the country whose compe- 
tition is most to be feared both at home and 
abroad. 

"Why has Germany in these fev/ years taken 
the place of England as the nation of cheaper 

9 



production? I answer, Mr. President, because 
she has recognized, as the other nations have 
not, the importance of cheap transportation, the 
effect of cheap transportation upon the cost of 
production ; recognized the frightful economic 
waste in using rail transportation where water 
transportation was equally as available in the 
assembling and distribution of heavy and bulky 
products of commerce, and by reducing the 
cost of transportation to a minimum has been 
enabled to produce and distribute her products 
at a lesser cost than her competitors, especially 
her European competitors. 

"Mr. President, the English are a very con- 
servative race of people. They are slow to 
adopt innovations and to change their old meth- 
ods and ways of doing things, but the English 
people could not shut their eyes to the effect 
upon Great Britain's trade of what was hap- 
pening in Germany." 

Senator Simmons truly said Great Britain did not 
shut her eyes to what was happening in Germany. 
Realizing that she could not compete with Germany 
SHE DETERMINED TO DESTROY GER- 
MANY AS SHE DESTROYED AMERICAN 
SHIPPING BY SENDING FORTH THE 
"ALABAMA" AND "SHENANDOAH" ON 
THEIR VOYAGES OF DESTRUCTION. 

THESE WAR CRUISERS SOUGHT OUT 
PEACEFUL UNARMED SAILING SHIPS ON 
THE OCEAN AND EVEN NEAR THE 
SHORE, SHOT DOWN THE CREWS, LOOT- 
ED THE CARGO OF GOLD OR PORTABLES 

10 



OF VALUE AND THEN BURNED THE UN- 
PROTECTED MERCHANTSHIP. 

The United States has submitted to spoHation by 
Great Britain because men of ''American birth and 
identified with the nation's transportation system" 
unlawfully combine with British capitalists to ex- 
ploit the people. Great Britain has been unable to 
make such a combination with men of German 
birth identified with that nation's transportation 
system and hence the war — just as England at- 
tempted in 1812 to crush the United States is she 
now attempting to crush Germany, but just as she 
failed in 1812, so surely will she fail in 1914. 

Unhappily the press of the United States is 
dominated by English influence and the papers that 
dealt fairly with Germany a few months ago now 
reek with abuse of that great nation. This is the 
more unaccountable because Great Britain has for 
years systematically persisted in a publicity cam- 
paign of everything American, particularly in South 
America. 

On January 7, 1913, testifying before the Com- 
mittee on the Merchant Marine and Fisheries, of 
the House of Representatives, Mr. Sidney Story, 
of the Pan American Steamship Company, de- 
clared : 

**We find that our commercial rivals, the 
English, are very aggressive in carrying on a 
propaganda throughout the press. There is not 
a day but what you take up the newspapers of 
those countries and you will find a whole col- 
umn devoted to Switzerland or Holland, or Bel- 
gium, two columns to France, Italy, and Eng- 
land, and to the United States possibly two or 

11 



three small lines. Or if it is a paragraph or two 
it refers to some objectionable item like divorce 
cases in Nevada or lynchings — items of that 
character. 

"The cable service is in the hands of the 
LLnglish, and the news service is in the hands 
of the English, and all the news from North 
America to South America is first censored in 
England before it reaches South America, and 
vice versa, the object being to keep the two 
sections of the western hemisphere as much 
apart as possible. We are pictured to the South 
Americans as northern barbarians, to keep 
away from us, and South Americans are pic- 
tured hej^to us as a lot of revolutionists, so as 
to keep our people from investing in that coun- 
try." 
England demands that the war go on because she 
wants to saddle on France such a debt that will 
prevent France from ever again being a lending 
nation. England will take over the securities of 
France at a discount of 40 per cent, and make that 
nation for all time a borrowing nation. 

England demands that the war go on hoping that 
Russia will be able to crush Germany and remove 
the only nation that prevents her from monopoliz- 
ing the trade of the world. 

France aiding and abetting England is commit- 
ting national suicide. 

The overthrow of Germany would mean the ruin 
of the United States. 

In September, 1913, Waterways and Commerce 
called attention to the growth of Canada and its 
menace to the national life of the United States, 

12 



unless the United States be^an at once the building 
of a merchant marine. Recently a merchant marine 
measure was adopted by Cong^ress but that measure 
7vas dictated by British Interests. 

Surely the United States cannot hope for aid 
from Great Britain in its competition with Canada! 

As a nation the United States of late has been 
servile to British interests. 

It imposes a tax of $100,000,000 on the people 
although there is a balance in the banks of $75,000,- 
000 in favor of the g-overnment. 

New York City is payin.s: the bankers $100,000,- 
000 for obli.s:ations abroad that will not mature for 
months. 

The Banks of the United States show a deficit 
of upward of $70,000,000, notwithstanding the fact 
that they have the custody of $75,000,000 of gov- 
ernment money — The People's Money. 

The industries of the United States are prostrate. 
Factories are either shut down entirely or working 
on half time. Why? 

Is it because the banks are interested — as lenders 
—in English factories and do not desire to lose that 
investment by reason of the American factories 
taking away the trade of the foreign mills? 

In 1907 American exports to Germany amounted 
to $256,596,000; in 1912 they reached $306,959,000, 
a gain of substantially $50,000,000. 

Should the people of the United States permit 
the few American capitalists who grow richer bv 
reason of their nefarious partnership with English 
finances, to alienate the friendship of a country as 
great as Germany? Germany's only crime is that 
under the benificent rule of the present Kaiser she 

13 



has followed the principles laid down by the im- 
mortal Washington and has declined to enter into 
''foreign entanglements." 

The German Government under the Kaiser has 
been most humane and considerate. Here is one 
instance : 

When the great tide of emigrants from Russia 
began to pass through Germany to America, some 
years ago, the German Government was compelled 
to refuse ship passage to many emigres, who were 
ill, deformed or otherwise undesirable. These un- 
fortunates had made a long and expensive railway 
journey and when rejected at the port as unde- 
sirable they had to return by the same route. In 
order to prevent this suffering the German govern- 
ment designated a number of towns on the Russia^-* 
frontier through which Russian emigrants were 
permitted to pass. The German railway lines con- 
structed and maintained buildings there for that 
purpose, and appointed an agent at each place, and 
these places were called control stations. These 
control stations were established to inspect emi- 
grants there instead of at the port of embarkation, 
and thus save undesirable ones the tediousness and 
expense of a long journey to the port and then back 
to their homes. 

England and Russia cared nothing for the suf- 
ferings of the poor emigre. All they cared for was 
the transportation money. But the great Kaiser has 
a heart that beats responsive to that of the suffer- 
ing Russian Jews and put his government to work 
to ameliorate their condition. The establishment 
of stations in Russia for the benefit of the sick and 
needy was denounced by England and Russia and 

14 



Belgium as an interference with another nation. 
Truly it seems that abuse is the reward for the 
lover of mankind from the Christ to the Kaiser. 

"We look upon this world as one ^reat family," 
said Daniel Webster, "born of the same flesh and 
blood, and eventually to be governed by the same 
laws ; and the sooner the nations of the earth can 
feel and act upon this principle, the happier it will 
be for them. What good would not the money now 
do, which is annually wasted in the support of mil- 
itary forces, employed for the savage purpose of 
cutting each other's throats, could it be expended 
in the support of schools, carrying out systems of 
internal improvements, and promoting the cause of 
science ! And what are high tarififs but fortifica- 
tions and bands of custom-house officers but armies 
created to plunder and make war between nation 
and nation?" 

"The fact that the controlling forces of society 
are usually invisible does not subtract from their 
economic basis. And as long as we can be kept in 
ignorance of their nature, as long as the minds of 
men can be directed to political and religious ques- 
tions and away from the fundamental economic 
fact, just so long will progress continue to be blind 
and doubtful ; just so long will the human pilgrim- 
age renew its circles of disappointment and dis- 
aster. Until we understand and answer the ques- 
tion of bread, until we deliberately equalise pro- 
duction and distribution, until fraternity and free- 
dom are changed from phrase to fact, the world 
will continue to be a wilderness of wanton human 
waste," writes George D. Herron. 

The equalization of production and distribution 

IS 



and the carrying out of a system of internal im- 
provements, have been the accomplishment of the 
Kaiser. Of all the rulers in history he alone has 
made it his particular case to see that the money 
derived by the o^overnment was devoted exclusively 
to government use. Under his rule there has been 
no ^raft in Germany. Even the banks have been 
compelled to play fair with every form of industry, 
and although Germany, not as lars:e an area as the 
State of Texas, has maintained the g^reatest of 
armies, an efficient navy and a wonderful merchant 
marine, the people of Germany are the most pros- 
perous on earth. 

The government of Germany is in truth a g-ov- 
ernment for the people. 

The government of Eng^land is the bulwark be- 
hind which hides the monev manipulators of the 
world. Their thought is that money is all power- 
ful. This thought was expressed by David Lloyd- 
George, ChanceMor of the Exchecquer. replying on 
Sept. 8 to a depiu.ation from municipalities wanting 
aid. The Chancellor of the Exchecquer refused 
the aid saying: 

"We want every penny we can raise to help fight 
the enemy. We must come out triumphant in this 
struggle, and as finance is goin^ to pi" ) a very im- 
portant part in it we must husband our resources. 
We do not want a penny spent which is not abso- 
lutely essential to relieve distress. In mv judgment 
the last few hundred millions may win this war. 

"The first hundred millions our enemy can stand 
as well as we can, but the last they cannot, thank 
God, and therefore T th'nk cash is going- to count 
much more than we imag-ine." 

16 



The materialistic Mr. George will probably learn 
that a powerful personality gifted with spiritual 
vision is more potent than money ! that the great 
movements — the epoch making movements of man- 
kind, are led by a man, not by money. Mahomet, 
Alexander the Great, Julius Caesar, Charlemagne, 
each fashioned the world, or a very large portion of 
it, for long successive ages. One stands in awe of 
the world-shaping influence which some single men 
have exercised. It is a solemn, and it would be a 
terrible thing to contemplate, if we did not believe 
that a Mightier than man rules over all ; that those 
mightiest, not less than the smallest, are m his 
hands. Helpers or hinderers of his kingdom are 
alike raised up by him to work out his plans, and to 
bring about in the end by strange and diverse ways, 
that kingdom which shall finally rule over all. 

To the student of the growth and development of 
Germany, there comes with the force of conviction, 
the thought that William II. of Germany has been 
specially called, to revive in man a belief in God 
and to trust in His power and mercy. Indeed God 
always has been the uppermost thought in the mind 
of the Kaiser. 

From boyhood he cultivated the spiritual side of 
his nature assiduously, so that in the 55 years of his 
life he has always been conscious of the presence of 
the ever living God. In truth it may be said of 
him that he walks with God. To no other ruler 
over men, has God been such an actual entity, a 
loving and loved Father. 

Born physically frail, by sheer exercise of will he 
overcame bodily defects to such an extent that in 
early manhood, despite a partial paralysis of his 

17 



left side, he became recognized as an expert swords- 
man, a skilful horseman and a strong pedestrian. 

William II. of Germany has stamped the imprint 
of his personality upon his people. He has intelli- 
gence supported by a courageous will, he has the 
gift of knowing what is to be feared and what not 
and in acting accordingly. Like the Kaiser the- 
German people have grown from a nation of little 
promise to a people of supreme power. 

Germany has given to the world two great object 
lessons. 

The first is the folly of a people neglecting to be 
ready for war. For centuries Germany placed more 
importance on culture than on cannon. Did it earn 
the respect of England by that course? 

An English writer treating of the German nation 
in 1815, said : 

''•Their conduct during the great war had shown 
so slender an aptitude for self defense that the idea 
of their attempting conquest was too absurd to be 
entertained. Nor had their patriotism been of that 
excitable kind which disposes a nation to incur risk 
for the sake of glory. They had allowed themselves 
to be tossed from one ruler to another as the fancy 
of their conqueror might decide ; they had submitted 
to seeing a horde of foreign officials stifling their 
trade in order to forw^ard their designs, and loading 
them with taxes to keep up the machinery for their 
oppression." 

To stifle trade and extort taxes ever has been and 
always will be the reason for war. The second 
object lesson that Germany has given to the world 
is that an honest administration of the afifairs of a 
people will make them prosperous notwithstanding 

18 



an extraordinary expenditure for National defense. 
These lessons should be learned by the people of 
the United States. They were taught by the found- 
ers of the Republic, but they have been dropped 
from the National curriculum for more than half 
a century. Germany alone of all the nations has 
strictly adhered to the policies of Washington, of 
Jefiferson, of Jackson and of Lincoln. 

Said the Hon. Jacob H. Galling^er, United States 
Senator from New Hampshire, in an address before 
the United States Senate: 

'The one Old World nation which has made 
prodigious strides in foreign commerce of re- 
- cent years, our ever vig^ilant and most form- 
idable competitors, is the Empire of Germany, 
a thoroughly protectionist nation like our own. 
Until a quarter of a century ago, German sea 
power was absolutely insignificant. The Em- 
pire had a small war navy and a small and not 
very prosperous or efficient merchant fleet. 

**Not until Germany began to own and build 
her own ships to carry her own trade did she 
beg^in to be considered as a serious factor in 
the commerce of the world. Her wonderful 
maritime expansion has made her mercantile 
expansion possible. The clear vision of the 
great Kaiser first recognized that his country 
must have ships in order to have commerce, 
and that to have ships meant increased pros- 
perity not only for the seaport towns, but for 
every manufacturing village or a,gricultural dis- 
trict producing^ anything that could be seld 
abroad. German merchant tonnage that under 
a 'free-ship' policy without State aid, increased 

19 



only from 1,098,000 in 1873 to 1,270,000 in 
1881, has, with State aid, ^rown to 3,393,000 
in 1904, and German commerce has expanded 
in almost like proportions." 
And in all this trade expansion never was an un- 
fair act done by Germany to any other nation. On 
the contrary Germany was chosen as the subject 
for special approbation at the Lake Mohawk Peace 
Conference a little more than a year ago. 



ENGLAND WILL GAIN 

AT AMERICA'S COST 

A recent issue of Die Woche, a widely circulated 
German periodical, contains an article on ''Eng- 
land's purpose in the current war," by Dr. Alfred 
Zimmermann, now Assistant German Secretary of 
State, who has for many years been prominent in 
the councils of the German Foreign Office. Dr. 
Zimmermann traces the development of England's 
anti-German foreign policy, of which he says King 
Edward was the father, while Sir Edward Grey 
and Winston Churchill have in recent years been its 
chief exponents. "It is significant," he says, "that 
when a liberal government came into power it took 
over from the Tories the two men most prominently 
identified with the anti-German propaganda. 

"Whoever has followed the activities of these 
two men," Dr. Zimmermann continues, "could not 
remain in doubt about England's intention of using 
the first favorable opportunity to smash German 

20 



power. The most widely circulated English news- 
paper, which has long enjoyed the close confidence 
of the British administrative leaders, declared very 
cold bloodediy, days before England entered the 
war, that England would be compelled to enter the 
war upon the side of Russia and France for th. 
sake of preserving the 'balance of power.' 

"But in this war England is not only concerned 
about grabbing Germany's colonies, destroying 
Germany's fleet, wiping out Germany's trade and 
weakening Germany's economic life. She is en- 
visaging other advantages, advantages with regard 
to which she is maintaining a discreet silence. 

"For although the Russo-Japanese war weakened 
the Russian giant materially, and thereby assured 
England a greater degree of security in her Asiatic 
possessions, it can now count upon an even more 
violent shaking for the colossus of the North. There 
is little 'doubt about England's quiet satisfaction at 
every Russian defeat. For every weakening of 
Russia accrues to England's advantage in India and 
for her political schemes in East Asia. 

"United States Will Suffer Severely as Re- 
sult OF War.'' 
"The far-sighted English politician promises him- 
self even greater advantages than the war offers 
with respect to Russia from its effects upon British 
relations with the United States. This latter coun- 
try, directly and indirectly, is bound to suffer most 
seriously as a result of this war. The United States 
is the third commercial nation of the world. British 
trade totals $7,000,000,000 annually. Germany's 
totals $5,250,000,000, and that of the United States 

21 



aiuuuntsto $4,250,000,000. Nearly half the foreign 
trade of the United States is carried on with 
Europe. Besides, England, Germany, France, Hol- 
land and Belgium are America's best customers, and 
furnishers, and they serve this function in even 
larger measure than appears from the import and 
export statistics. 

*'A good part of the merchandise which England 
imports from America is carried to the European 
mainland. Similarly, England carries much Euro- 
pean merchandise to the United States. Under these 
circumstances it is readily apparent that the United 
States is bound to suffer seriously not only for the 
moment, but in the future as well, particularly if 
England achieves its object of destroying the Ger- 
man and French shipping trade with the United 
States and other over-sea countries. According to 
the most recent statistics, only 10 per cent, of all 
the freight handled in American harbors was car- 
ried in American bottoms. More than two-thirds 
of all the shipping in American ports already carries 
the British flag. Whereas, the total registered ton- 
nage of the ships entering American ports is 24,- 
500,000, the German share of this amounted to only 
4,5000,000, the French and Dutch to only 1,000,000 
tons each. 

"If England's policy of securing a monopoly of 
American shipping is successful, it means a serious 
economic disadvantage, as well as a political danger 
for the United States. The British would be the. 
arbiters of over-sea rates, and would be in a posi- 
tion to prescribe to the United States the conditions 
under which it might do business with the outside 
world. Already the cutting off of the United States 

22 



from cable connection with Germany has worked a 
serious disadvantage to the Americans. Competi- 
tion has been ehminated, Great Britain's influence 
upon the world has been enormously increased. 

England Counts on Gaining Other Advantages 
AT America's Expense. 

''England, moreover, is counting upon obtaining 
other advantages at America's expense. For a long 
time they have begrudged Uncle Sam an influence 
in the Far East which they have found inconvenient, 
No less irritating have they found the stand which 
the United States has taken in matters affecting 
Central and South America. England's indignation 
at America's attitude in the Panama and Mexican 
question is an open secret. The completion of the 
Panama Canal will only mitigate against England's 
position on these issues, as well as in the Far East. 
Already diverse matters connected with the Panama 
Canal have raised issues between British and Amer- 
ican diplomacy. There was always the danger that 
these differences might lead to more serious mis- 
understandings. 

"Therefore, England is altogether justified in as- 
suming that in all these matters also a successful 
issue of the war and the consequent readjustment 
of the European situation in England's favor, will 
leave her in a much better position to achieve her 
ends. For then, with its chief European opponent 
out of action, England can turn its full strength 
against the United States without having to fear a 
rear attack. 

"The world was astonished ten years ago, when 
England permitted France — a country with which it 

23 



had warred for centuries, and against which it Iiad 
struck -at every possible opportunity — to take over 
Morocco and the key to Gibraltar. There was nu 
less astonishment when Christian England, a coun- 
try which has ever sounded the call to arms against 
the unbeliever, entered into an alliance with heathen 
Japan. The far-reaching plans which motivated 
these steps have been understood by very few people 
outside of England. German public opinion paid 
scant attention to the warnings uttered against the 
dangerous plans of Edward VIL Even now the 
world's opinion as to British intentions is very much 
divided. Yet no one who has carefully observed 
British policy for the past three decades could doubi 
that England is today far less concerned about the 
weal or woe of France, Russia or Servia than about 
her own future position as a world power. The 
United States will play the most important role in 
this connection. Consideration as to her prospec- 
tive position with reference to the United States 
may have had much to do with leading England 
into her present attitude. Let us hope that Ameri- 
cans will be more far-sighted than was the German 
public, and that they will take measures to meet the 
situation." 



German Street Car Management. 

Two Cents the Average Fare, Four Cents the 
Maximum in Dresden. 

Twenty-three of the largest German cities are 
showing thrift in the management of their transit 
lines by getting the most good out of their expendi- 

24 



ture for the convenience, comfort and prosperity of 
the public, both in the cities and suburbs. 

In BerHn the street car service is excellent. There 
are more seats than passengers at almost any hour 
of the day. Not more than seven persons are ever 
permitted to stand. In that city, where the elevated 
line is under private management, the service has 
been brought up to a high standard and compares 
well with the surface lines run by the municipality. 
In the German capital the right of way of the ele- 
vated roads has been planted with grass and flowers, 
and fitted with benches and other conveniences. 
All through the crowded city the elevated roads 
make lines of green which are free for the use of 
the public. The stations are inclosed from the 
weather and are beautiful in design. The elevated 
is called the "umbrella of BerHn" because it affords 
shelter from rain and sun. Both surface and ele- 
vated lines are so constructed that there is a mini- 
mum of noise. The average fare is 23^ cents. 

Dresden is typical of the number of devices for 
convenience of passengers. A stranger can easily 
use the street railways without knowing the Ger- 
man language or the street arrangement. Each of 
the eighteen lines is designated by a number which 
has a conspicuous place on the front of the car. 
The cars with the even-numbered routes are painted 
red and the odd-numbered route cars are painted 
yellow. The cars make their stops in the middle of 
blocks, so that they do not interfere with traffic at 
street corners. Inside the car on one side is a map 
showing the route of the car lines, together with 
their numbers, and on the other side of the car is 
a map showing the various zones into which the city 

25 



is divided. The cars are supplied with clocks which 
are advertisements of their makers. Two cents is 
the average fare for a sino^le ride and 4 cents is the 
maximum fare. 

Through wise, thrifty expenditures these German 
cities have eliminated the strai)-hanging which is 
prevalent in the large American cities. The public 
travel in comfort at about half the price Americans 
usually pay. They have placed the transportation 
of the public on the same basis as their health, 
police and fire protection. Their employes are paid 
better wages than in the past. 

These cities are building for ])ermanence, and in- 
dustry is encouraged by their cheap fares. It is 
demonstrated tliat with these low rates and generous 
transfers the congested conditions, high rents and 
unsanitary, poor housing in the overcrowded cities 
is already in some degree diminished. Suburbs are 
developed by cheap commutation, and the working 
classes are allured to the surrounding country and 
its valuable land for gardens. — Idaho Statesman. 



British Proposals Forced Invasion of 

Belgium, Says Diplomat 

German Charge d'Affaires, Tlaniel von Haim- 
hausen, maintains that the reports from London 
seek to give the erroneous impression that Germany 
precipitated the war wholly because German troops 
had advanced into Belgium, whereas, he declares, 
the British Foreign Oflfice had previously laid down 
terms to Germany which would have had the effect 

26 



of restraining the German navy from operating 
against Russia in the Bahic — the most natural 
waterway leading to the Russian i)Ossessions — or 
from operating against France along the north 
coast of that country, which was the most natural 
and proximate point for the German naval forces 
to operate. 

Thus, before the Belgian issue arose, England, 
Mr. von Haimhausen contends, had sought to com- 
pel Germany to hold its navy inactive at the very 
points where it could be most effective ; to reduce 
it to a state of comparative inaction in upholding 
such position as the German nation might determine 
upon. 



With Malice Toward None 

War is hostility between sovereign nations, that, 
having no superior power to which to appeal for 
the settlement of their disputes, have recourse to 
force and arms. War is either offensive or de- 
fensive. The power that strikes the hrst blow, 
however, is not always the original author of the 
hostile measures, since the seeming assailant is 
often forced into his position by the violation of his 
rights or the menacing posture of the other parties. 
In the main, the judgments of mankind have pro- 
nounced in favor of a defensive war. 

Germany today is conducting a defensive war. 
A dispassionate review of the record will disclose 
the fact that England demanded of Germany, as 
the price of non-interference, that Germany render 
herself helpless should the quarreling European 
powers invade her territory in waging battle. This 

27 



Germany declined to do and as a consequence is 
the object of abuse by an English nispired Ameri- 
can Press. 

The right thinking patriotic American prays for 
German success because Germany stands for Jus- 
tice, and Justice should prevail though the Heavens 
fall. 

When the historian of tomorrow pens the nar- 
rative of the war of today, his verdict will be that 
it was caused by the most sordid of motives — 
Money, Gain, Greed. 

Not the faintest tinge of patriotism will be found 
in England's action. 

I-'.ngland, that egged on Russia and France to 
send the flower of their youth to death while she 
sent brown Hindus and South African blacks as 
substitutes for Britons 1 

When Napoleon Bonaparte was sent to St. 
Helena one hundred years ago, the money monopo- 
lists took up their headquarters in London. There 
they laid, their plans for world control. Europe 
was at their mercy and the only obstacle to their 
success was the United States, which at that time 
had a Merchant Marine and the prospect of an in- 
dependent Financial System. They induced the 
Congress of the United States to enact legislation 
that took exchange from the United States and 
made it necessary for our merchants to trade with 
foreign nations via London and to destroy the 
American Merchant Marine. 

Noble Americans who planned this year to cele- 
brate in London One Hundred Years of Peace at 
such a price! 

The hundred years of peace was a peace only 

28 



between the money monopolists of England and 
the United States. Wars were everywhere over 
the ^lobe and their termination meant only a few 
more millionaires in London and New York. For 
seventy odd years the money monopolists were so 
successful that they felt their rei^n of loot and 
slaughter would never end. They laughed aloud 
when Lincoln proclaimed that a slavery worse than 
black slavery was menacing mankind — Money 
Slavery, Lincoln called it — but the people did not 
understand. 

Do they understand it now, when hundreds of 
thousands of strong men in our great cities have 
been for years without employment? 

They do not understand. If they understood a 
war against Germany would be impossible. 

The money slave masters of which Lincoln 
warned are in control and are lashing mankind into 
degradation and death. But there has come for 
our liberation another Lincoln and he is WilHam 
II. of Germany — 

The Kaiser! 



Russian Autocracy and Its Bloodbath 

Thomas C. Hall, D.D. 
Blinded by fear of German invasion and jealous 
of the growing sea power on the North, England 
has herself lost sight of the real issue of the war, 
and a docile American public has out-Englanded 
England. The existence of a Russian autocrary 
was at stake, and Europe has been plunged into war 

29 



to save that wretched autocracy. Were by any 
chance the AlHes to win, England would within a 
short time have conscription and be seeking^ an alH- 
ance with Germany on ahiiost any terms to save her 
Eastern interests from Russia. For this autocracy 
is a plundering Asiatic anachronism in Europe. It 
can only live on war and conquest. 

Russia is peaceful. The Russian peasant has no 
interest in war. They fight well, like all peasants, 
when once at work. But as a simple matter of fact 
many of the Russian prisoners in Gottingen thought 
they had been fighting against Fraud ! 
^ It will be the greatest blessing to all Europe and 
especially England should Russia be soundly beaten 
and the Baltic Provinces, the Polish Provinces, Bes- 
sarabia and the Caucausus fall away, and a free 
Russia enter at last upon the industrial and agrarian 
reforms that can alone save her. 

Nothing would be more desperately evil for the 
Balkan States than the Hegemony of Russia. It 
would mean a militarism with a vengeance. It 
would sound the doom of all religious freedom and 
social aspiration. It would force the mystic super- 
stitions, the autocracy knows so well to prostitute to 
political purpose upon all the Balkan races. Tolstoy 
said the autocracy had itself ceased to believe in 
these mystic superstitions, but simply forced them 
on the people for its own purpose. Whether this be 
so or not these superstitions are a principal tool, and 
religious intolerance in Russia makes even Turkish 
fanaticism a haven of refuge. Even Panslavism is 
only a cloak for the ambitions of the autocracy, and 
sad would be the day for Europe and Asia were this 

30 



war to give this corrupt and degenerate political 
power a new lease of life. 

Even Russia's gold and Russia's industrial 
plants will be safer in the hands of a defeated but 
reconstructed Russia than in the keeping of a tri- 
umphant court with a victorious army absolutely at 
its disposal. 



Germany's Unequalled Record 

By Richard M. McCann 
Editor "Waterivays and Commerce" 

"An eternal union for the protection of the realm 
and the care and welfare of the German people." 

These are the words of the Constitution of the 
German Empire defining its character and since the 
adoption of that Constitution, April 16, 1871, the 
rulers of Germany have sedulously and honestly 
endeavored to make the people virtuous, forehanded 
and prosperous. 

The founders of the United States formulated 
under the Constitution a scheme of government 
which if adhered to would have made the States 
of North America the most prosperous and power- 
ful nation that ever inhabited the Earth. For over 
forty years under that Constitution, the United 
States flourished as did no other nation in the his- 
tory of mankind ; but the failure on the part of the 
rulers to obey the Constitution has made the United 
States today a dependent nation. The rulers of 
Germany, on the contrary, have scrupulously 
obeyed their Constitution, and as a result the pros- 

31 



perity of Germany has been unequalled in the an- 
nals of nations. 

"The care and welfare of the German people" is 
one of the objects of the Empire's Constitution. 
Although embracing only one-fifteenth of the area 
of Europe, Germany in 1912 produced one-seventh 
of its wheat, one-fifth of its oats, one-seventh of 
its barley, one-fourth of its rye and one-third of its 
})otatoes. If the farmers of the United States had 
as much wheat per acre, as did the German farm- 
ers, the wheat crop of the United States would 
have been two and one-half billion bushels instead 
of three-quarters of a billion bushels. More than 
fifty per cent, of the farm area of the United States 
is unimproved while only nine per cent, of the 
available area in Germany is unused. 

In the past twenty-five years the foreign trade 
of Germany increased three hundred per cent., 
while that of Great Britain increased one hundred 
per cent. On January 1, 1913, there were 4,850 
ships of 3.143,000 tons cargo capacity flying^ the 
German flag and employing 78.000 sailors. Allow- 
ing 10 cents a net ton for the operation of a ship, 
Germany's merchant marine approximated an ex- 
penditure of more than a third of a million dollars 
a day — and the expenditure inured to the benefit 
of the world, the United States included. 

The German railroads have been laid out with a 
view to their use by the army. To illustrate : A 
small town in England, France, Russia or the 
United States, has a small railway station with a 
single side track. The same sized town in Germany 
has a big station with a score of sidings and facili- 
ties for entraining or detraining an army corps. 

32 



Every railway station has been planned to handle 
soldiers and munitions of war. 

In 1887, the Kaiser in a speech declared, "Nep- 
tune with the Trident is the symbol for us now that 
we have new tasks to fulfill since the Empire has 
been welded together. Everywhere there are Ger- 
man citizens to protect, everywhere German honor 
to maintain ; that Trident must be in our fist." 

And in 1903, in a speech at Bremen he said : 
'T want to do everything possible to let bayonets 
and cannon rest; but at the same time to keep our 
bayonets sharp and our cannon ready, so that envy 
and grief shall not disturb us in tending our gar- 
dens or building pur beautiful houses." 

That speech was extored from the Kaiser be- 
cause of the criticisms launched by England at Ger- 
many on account of the Naval bill passed by the 
Reichstag in 1900 calling for a fleet of such strength 
that "a war with the mightiest naval power would 
involve risks threatening the supremacy of that 
power." 

Nothing has been left undone to make the Ger- 
man navy powerful and destructive, especially iti 
defense. The Zeppelins have been designed for co- 
operation with their dreadnoughts, being heavily 
armed with heavy calibre, rapid fire guns, above and 
below the gas bags, mounted so that they can cover 
every possible means of approach, fore, aft, broad- 
side. The cruising radius of the Zeppelins is 2,400 
miles and their operating height 12,000 feet, an al- 
titude beyond the range of any surface guns. 

The care and welfare of the people of Germany 
has been as faithfully looked after by the Rulers as 
have the more eye-attracting afifairs of state, and 

33 



this care and welfare work extends to the most 
lowly : For instance : 

When a domestic servant reaches the age of sev- 
enty she is retired with a pension for life earned by 
the insurance she has paid each week in the past. 
Less than two per cent, of the wage earners of 
Germany are out of employment. In England and 
in the United States the unemployed exceed ten 
per cent. In other words, out of every one hun- 
dred men in the United States or England more 
than ten are defective — defective mentally or physi- 
cally, or both. In Germany, only two per cent, are 
defective, because the record of unemployed is 
really a record of defectives. It follows therefore 
that the system of education and rearing of men 
and women in Germany is the better system because 
its results are better. 

Germany has a system of compulsory savings 
banks. An unmarried man must deposit ten per 
cent, of his wages until the deposits aggregate $500. 
Then the deposits may cease, but the $500 thus 
saved can only be used for the purpose of buying 
a home or furnishing one. The married man must 
deposit five per cent, of his wages until he has set 
aside $500 which can only be used for the purpose 
of furnishing a home or buying one. Because of 
this beneficent law a young man cannot spend all 
his earnings in the saloon or the billiard parlor nor 
can the young married man neglect his wife and 
home. Then again, as six per cent, interest is paid 
on these deposits the value of money is taught in 
an impressive manner and individual as well as 
family happiness is secure. 

How this works out for the benefit of the nation 

34 



is shown by a comparison of the savings bank ac- 
counts in Germany and in Great Britain. 

Saving^s Banks Savings Banks 

Deposits in Deposits in 

Germany Great Britain 

1880 $653,450,000 $388,605,420 

1890 1,284,325,000 556,426,795 

1900 2,209,645,000 935,027,800 

1911 4,500,000,000 1,109,514,200 

The foregoing table shows that from 1880 to 
1911 the German people have placed $3,800,000,000 
and the British people have placed only $6,950,000 
into the savings banks, while between 1900 and 1911 
the German people have placed $2,295,000,000 and 
the British people only $9,500,000 into the savings 
banks. During these eleven years the German sav- 
ings banks deposits have grown more than eleven 
times as quickly as the British savings banks de- 
posits. It is worth noting that more than $3,500,- 
000,000 of the German savings banks deposits con- 
sist of small sums which have been put into these 
banks by people belonging to the working class. 

The foregoing should suffice to show that Ger- 
many's abounding prosperity is largely due to hu- 
mane conditions which the far-sightedness of the 
Kaiser have created. Through the short-sighted- 
ness of English administrations these conditions 
have not obtained in the British Isles. 

The one particular battle which the Kaiser has 
personally waged has been to keep the people from 
forgetting Spartan simplicity while growing in 
wealth. The officers in certain regiments of the 

35 



army some years ago attempted to outdo each other 
in offering the Kaiser entertainment on the occasion 
of his visits. When the Kaiser learned this he is- 
sued an order saying that an elaborate menu would 
be offensive to him and that he desired only the 
plainest fare. 

The discipline of self-denial is practiced in Ger- 
many. When Von Bulow in the Reichstag asked 
all Germany to retrench, the Kaiser set the ex- 
ample by ctitting off $5,000,000 a year from the ad- 
ditional funds voted to maintain the fifty-four pal- 
aces throughout the Empire. These palaces are 
maintained so that all Germans will realize that 
each locality is the special care of the Emperor and 
that no one is favored above another. 

The history of the twenty-six states which con- 
stitute the present German Empire is a record of 
wars against Russia, France and Poland. The 
Thirty Years' War in the first half of the 17th cen- 
tury reduced the population of Germany from 20,- 
000,000 to 6,000,000, but it gave Europe religious 
freedom. 

• During the 18th century, Austria attempted to 
stop the growth of Germany and her free institu- 
tion but the military genius of Frederick the Great 
made Prussia foremost among European powers. 
These wars (the Austro Succession, 1741-48, and 
the Seven Years' War. 1756-1763) cost the lives 
of 1,000.000 men. In Prussia alone, 14,500 houses 
were burned. 

Under the treaty of Vienna, the German states 
were reconstructed into a confederation of which 
Austria received the Presidency. Then Prussia 
proposed a plan of unification of the German states 

36 



with herself as the center of the union. There- 
upon the Seven Weeks' War broke out. Bismarck 
formed an alHance with Italy under which Russia 
undertook not to make peace until Austria had sur- 
rendered Venice to Italy. A series of Prussian vic- 
tories ending with Sadowa resulted in the Peace of 
Prague. 

And Italy has her Venice today. 

Remember this, ye Italians! 

Shortly thereafter there was a vacancy in the 
Spanish throne, which was offered to Leopold of 
Hohenzollern. He refused it, but France, desiring 
to clip the wings of the Prussian Eagle, demanded 
that Germany give a pledge that no German prince 
should ever aspire to the Spanish throne. Germany 
declined to make such a promise and the Franco- 
Prussian War followed. 

Like France, England today, aiming to cripple 
Germany, demanded that Germany promise not to 
operate its naval fleet in the Baltic against Russia 
or against France along the North Coast of that 
country. The war of the Allies is now on and 
judging by the past the future will certainly show: 

''Deutschland — Deutschland Uber Alles." 



State Owned Business 

The Government ownership of public utilities in 
Germany has reached remarkable proportions. 
This ownership is not only exercised by the Im- 
perial Government, but by the State Governments 
and by the municipalities. In 1911 the Imperial 
Government and the Governments of the German 

37 



States took protits from the various businesses con- 
ducted by them of $282,749,224. listimatin^ the 
capital vaUie at a 4 per cent, ratio, the vakie of the 
productive State-owned {properties is $7,068,729,- 
000. And the Governments continue to follow a 
policy of fresh acquisitions, says Mr. Roberts in his 
book, "Monarchical Socialism." 

It is declared that in the year under discussion — 
1911 — about one-quarter of all the expenses of the 
State and Imperial Governments for the army, the 
navy, and for all other purposes were paid out of 
the net profits on Government business. No to- 
bacco, spirit or match monopolies are among the 
undertakings. Besides the productive ownerships of 
the Empire and of the individual States, the cities, 
on their own account, have gone deeply into owner- 
ship of street railways, gas, electricity, water works, 
slaughter houses, market halls, cold storage, canals 
and v/harves. Mr. Roberts calls attention to the 
fact that the republics among the States of the Em- 
pire are far more backward in communal ownershij) 
than the monarchies. 

Of Government-owned properties, the farms are 
worth $198,000,000; the forests, $730,000,000; 
mines, $129,000,000; railways, $4,757,000,000; tele- 
graphs, telephones, express and mails, $695,000,000, 
and other works, $435,000,000. Upon no depart- 
ment do any of the State Governments lose much 
except upon steamers. 

Much of the trend of public ownership in Ger- 
many may be traced to Bismarck, who declared that 
it was the duty of the State to undertake public 
works that men who desire might work. In 1884 
he laid down the doctrine that if a man comes be- 

38 



fore his fellow citizens and says, "I am healthy, I 
desire to work, but can find no work," he is en- 
titled to add, "Give me work," and the State is 
baund to ^ive him work. There is no hostility to 
trusts, and it has been authoritatively stated that 
"economic Germany is under the absolute rule of 
half a hundred men." 



Operations of Foreign Exchange 

The most commonly used bills of Exchange are 
issued in the currency of England, France and 
Germany; that is, in pounds sterling, francs and 
reichsmarks. Quotations, which look complicated 
and unintelligible, are nothing of the sort. The 
quotation of pounds sterling, for example, is, say, 
4.90. All that means is that one English pound is 
worth $4.90 in American money. Francs are 
quoted in French money. When the quotation 
reads 5.15, the explanation is that $1 United States 
money will buy 5 15-100 francs, or 5 francs 15 
centimes. A quotation for reichmarks of 95 indi- 
cates that 95 cents will purchase 4 reichsmarks. A 
movement in pounds sterling from 4.90 to 4.95, or 
a movement in reichsmarks from 95 to 96, is ob- 
viously an upward movement, but when francs go 
from 5.15 to 5.18 the market is going down, because 
your dollar will buy more French money, which is 
becoming cheaper. 

The price of foreign exchange is what regulates 
gold movements. Because London is the financial 
capital of the world, the trend of the rate for 
pounds sterling is what American bankers watch. 

39 



The British pound, when it is full weight, has a 
gold value in American money of $4,86^. That is 
called the parity of exchange. American merchants 
who buy goods abroad as a general rule make their 
payments through London and in English money. 
They buy pounds for this purpose. When they can 
buy pounds at the parity of exchange, or up to I3/2 
cents to 2 cents higher, they do so. But when the 
price of pounds goes above that limit, it is cheaper 
to take American gold and send that over. Here is 
why that is done : 

As stated, an English pound of full weight is 
worth at a United States mint, $4.86^. Naturally, 
a merchant cannot afford to pay much above this 
price for his pounds. If the price is too high he 
can buy gold in this country and send that. But 
if he does the operation will cost him something. 
There is insurance to be paid and there is the loss 
of the use of the money for the interval in which 
it is being transported across the Atlantic. Also, 
there is the loss in the weight, which means the 
value, of the gold by abrasion. Gold is soft and 
the action of the waves, causing the gold to jounce 
around, rubs off part of it. AH this counts and 
experts have estimated that these necessary charges 
amount to about one and one-half cents to the 
pound when the shipment is in gold bars, and to 
something more than two cents a pound when gold 
coin is used. The reason for the difference between 
bars and coin is that gold bars usually are worth 
between $300 and $450 each, while gold coin is 
generally sent in denominations of $10 and $20. A 
bar has six surfaces exposed to abrasion, while a 
coin has only two and the edges, but in a shipment 

40 



of $1,000,000 in bars averaging $400 each, there 
would be only 2,500 bars, wiSi 15,000 surfaces, 
while $1,000,000 in $20 gold pieces would contain 
50,000 coins and 100,000 surfaces, not including the 
edges. So the coin loses more than the bars and 
the cost of shipping is higher. 

With these transportation expenses to be reck- 
oned with, the price of steding exchange must go 
one and one-half to two cents above the parity of 
exchange before gold is sent out of the country. 
In other words, it must be in the neighborhood of 
4.88 to 4.88>^. That is what is called the nominal 
export point of exchange. When the rate goes 
down to 4.84 3<2 bankers say that the nominal im- 
port price has been reached and gold imports may 
be expected, because the rule works as well one 
way as the other. What causes the rate to advance 
is that there are more American debts to be settled 
abroad than there are European debts to be settled 
with us. When the situation is reversed, and Eu- 
rope owes us more than we owe her, then the rate 
goes down, and if it goes down enough Europe 
has to send us gold. But Europe has several ad- 
vantages which we do not possess. There are semi- 
governmental banks which, while they cannot oper- 
ate against great international movements, can 
when the proposition is fairly close, swing the bal- 
ance in favor of their own countries. Also, several 
countries impose export taxes on gold, which prac- 
tically makes it impossible to get the metal away 
from them when they want to hold it. The United 
States, under the Constitution, cannot impose any 
export tax. 

In the financial district— Wall Street— as it is 

41 



generally referred to, the foreign exchange brokers 
have their own particular section. They congregate 
around the corner of Wall and William streets, 
where, in obedience to the laws of affinity, all the 
banks and the brokers who deal in this form of 
financial paper send their representatives. Just as 
little is known about the workings of the Foreign 
Exchange market by the average person, so is the 
amount of general information regarding the physi- 
cal manifestations of the market limited. The 
Stock Exchange and the Broad Street curb, and of 
late the New Street curb, are widely known, but 
the foreign exchange market down in William 
street is so quiet, outwardly, that few are ever at- 
tracted by it, even though they pass the little group 
of brokers every day. 

These men deal in millions of dollars worth of 
international credit every day when business is 
brisk. The unit of trade is 10,000 pounds, of $50,- 
000, but bills for ten times this size are not un- 
common. 

British pounds sterling, worth $4.86^ in gold 
each, sold during August at as much as $7, and 
francs, which are worth in gold 19 3-10 cents each, 
sold at three for a dollar, or the equivalent of 33 1-3 
cents each. 

Sir George Paish, who for years has been edi- 
tor of the London Statist, and is now the official 
adviser to the Chancellor of the Exchequer, has fig- 
ured prominently in the news concerning the recent 
troubles in the foreign exchange market. Sir 
George is now in this country as a representative of 
the British Government and London bankers gen- 
erally, and it is believed that the results of his con- 

42 



fereiices with the nienihcrs of the Federal Reserve 
Board, collectively, and with the Secretary of the 
Treasury, as well as with many prominent New 
York bankers, will do much to clear up a situation 
that has been unparalleled in financial history. 

The European war has ])laced England perilously 
near bankruptcy, but its representative, Sir George 
Paish, has been sufficiently adroit to make the 
American people pay a premium for London ex- 
change, instead of getting it at a discount, and 
more than that he has been able to make a trade for 
cotton at 5 cents a pound, while Germany is will- 
ing to pay 18 cents a pound. In effecting the com- 
promise between this country and London, which is 
the financial capital of Europe, the newly formed 
Federal Reserve Board has had an important part. 
Its future activities will be much concerned with 
this problem of foreign exchange. The people 
should demand that the United States at least adopt 
the semi -governmental banking system of Europe, 
if it does not, as it should, take over the banking 
monopoly of this country. With the banking 
monopoly in the governments of the world there 
would be no more wars. 



Germany Has Food Aplenty for War 

Confidential Councilor Ruebner, founder of what 
is known as the physiology of nutrition and a Ger- 
man economist of wide reputation, publishes in the 
current issue of the Medicinische Wochenschrift, a 
survey of food conditions in Germany. The writer 
deals with the claim of the foreign hostile press that 

43 



Germany, due to its partial isolation in the present 
war, would in very little time be without sufficient 
food. Among the items which he speaks of is milk. 
Germany has at present, claims Councilor Rueb- 
ner, about 11,000,000 milch cows, producing about 
1,150 cubic centimeters of milk per capita each day, 
while the average consumption per person is only 
341 cubic centimeters in Germany, in addition to 
18 grams of cheese and 7.8 grams of butter. 

"It is plain," says the writer, "that we have a 
superfluity in this class of food. In case the con- 
sumption of butter is reduced 1 gram per person the 
saving would amount to about 25,000 tons of butter 
per day, equal to about 750,000 tons of milk. In 
view of the fact that each milch cow produces an- 
nually about 2,500 liters of milk, or about 23^2 tons, 
about 300,000 animals could be killed for food pur- 
poses without interfering seriously with the milk 
supply of Germany." 

After asserting that the Germans are the biggest 
meat eaters in Europe, Dr. Ruebner gives the fol- 
lowing table of meat consumption per capita for 
Europe : 

Kilograms. 

Germany 52.3 

England 47.6 

France 33.6 

Holland and Belgium 33.6 

Austria-Hungary 29.0 

Russia 21.8 

Italy 10.4 

German's demand, the writer asserts, is covered 
fully for the period of the war, and, while forage 

44 



is none too plentiful ordinarily, he believes that 
there will be no difficulty feeding the stock, espe- 
cially if a late winter makes it possible to pasture 
the animals longer than is usually the case. 

A long detailed inspection of Germany's grain 
supply brings Dr. Reubner to the conclusion that in 
this respect also Germany is far better off than has 
been hoped by her enemies. There is enough wheat 
and rye to meet Germany's demand during the war, 
and instead of present conditions indicating, as has 
been claimed, a shortage, there is every reason to 
believe that the supply on hand is great enough to 
leave a surplus. 



Fixing the Blame for War 



Are not live million lives enough! After si3;te;en 
weeks of war in Europe, statisticians estimate that 
the losses of the combined armies engaged in this 
strife amount to five million human lives 1 

As many homes, which, formerly were the habi- 
tats of happy families have been destroyed by fire, 
shot and shell in the cities and villages of the Con- 
tinent of Europe. 

But still the carnage goes on. Is there no way 
1)y which a stop can be put to this slaughter of the 
best and bravest of human kind? 

When a river overleaps its banks causing injury 
to the adjoining country by inundation, the first act 
is to ascertain the source of the flood and apply 
correction there. If the general public can defi- 
nitely decide upon the aggressor in the present de- 
plorable conflict, a public opinion may be formed 

45 



that bein^ directed at the offender should cause a 
halt to his malevolence. 

No American student of the g^reat conflict now 
raging in Europe has a better right to speak with 
authority than Professor William M. Sloane, of 
Columbia University, for his researches into his- 
tory have been among the foremost made by any 
American and his written ' and spoken utterances 
upon racial tendencies and social significances rank 
among the profoundest of the time. 

Says Prof. Sloane : 

"There was printed recently what the British call 
their 'White Paper/ as well as the German 'White 
Paper.' The editors of our most important jour- 
nals announced that they had read and studied 
those papers with care and that on the face of those 
papers, beyond any peradventure, Germany was the 
aggressor. German militarism had flaunted itself 
as an insult in the face of Europe. Germany had 
violated neutrality. Germany had committed al- 
most every sin known to international law and 
therefore the whole German procedure was to be 
reprobated. 

** Within a very short time a Labor member of 
Parliament, J. Ramsey Macdonald, rises in his 
place, able and fearless, and, on the basis of the 
'White Paper,' as published and put in the hands 
of the British public, attacks Sir Edward Grey for 
having so committed Great Britain in advance to 
both Russia and France that, in spite of the rep- 
resentations of the German Ambassador, he dared 
not discuss the question of neutrality. This mem- 
ber of Parliament manifestly belongs to the pow- 
erful anti-war party of Great Britain, a party two 

46 



I 



of whose members, John Burns and Lord Morley, 
resig^ned from the Cabinet rather than condone in- 
iquity, a party which before the outbreak of the 
war made itself heard and felt and protested against 
the participation of Great Britain, desiring localiza- 
tion of the struggle. 

*'Mr. Macdonald says that in his opinion this 
talk about the violation of Belgian neutrality, from 
the point of view of British statesmen, is absurd, 
because as long ago as 1870 the plans for the use 
of Belgium, both by France and by Germany — in 
other words, the violation of its neutrality — were in 
the British War Office, and that Mr. Gladstone rose 
in his place and said he was not one of those whose 
opinion was that a formal guarantee should stand 
so far in thwarting the natural course of events as 
to commit Great Britain to war ; and that has been 
the announced and avowed policy of Great Britain 
all the way down since 1870, and that therefore talk 
about the violation of Belgium neutrality is a mere 
pretext. 

"That is another instance of this secret agree- 
ment that goes on, which so commits a man like 
Sir Edward Grey that in the pinch, when the Ger- 
man Ambassador substantially proposed to yield 
everything to him and asked him for his proposi- 
tion, he cannot make any. 

"These facts are in the 'White Paper.' As far 
as I know, no editor in the United States who 
claims to have studied thoroughly that 'White 
Paper' has ever brought this out, and they had not 
been published in that paper at the time when Sir 
Edward Grey and Mr. Asquith made their respec- 

47 



tive speeches and committed the British nation to 
the war. 

** Italy has joined what Italy considered a de- 
fensive alliance, but not an offensive alliance, and 
chose to regard the outbreak of this war as an 
offensive movement on the part of Germany, and 
for that reason has refused to participate in the 
stru^^le. 

Secret Agreements the Rule. 

"I say for that reason because, having been ac- 
customed to reading, all my life, long diplomatic 
documents, really having been trained, you might 
say, almost in the school of Ranke, who was the 
inaugurator of an entirely new school of historical 
writing based on the criticism of historical papers, 
r have come to realize that the dispatches of trained 
diplomats are for the most part purely formal, and 
that while these respective publications of Great 
Britain and of Germany have a certain value, yet 
nevertheless the most irhportant plans are laid in 
the embrasures of windows, where important men 
stand and talk so that no one can hear, or they are 
arranged and often times amplified in private cor- 
respondence which does not see the light until years 
afterward, and that the most important historical 
documents are found in the archives of families, 
members of which have been the guiding spirits of 
European policy and politics. 

"So that what the secret diplomacy of the last 
years may have been is as yet utterly unknown, and 
certainly will not be known for the generation yet 
to come and perhaps for several generations. The 
student in almost any European capital is given 

48 



I 



complete access to everything on file in the archives, 
including secret documents, only down to a certain 
date. That date differs in various of these store- 
houses, but I think in no case is it later than 1830. 

'*If you ask why, there are the sensibilities of 
families to be considered, there is the question of 
hidden policies which they do not care to reveal, 
and then there is the whole matter of who the 
examining student it. For instance, certain very 
important papers were absolutely denied to me, as 
an American, in Great Britain — or at least excuses 
were made if they were not absolutely denied — 
which were opened to an Englishman who was 
working upon the same subject at about the same 
time. 

"The reason for such observation at the pres- 
ent hour is plain enough. Public opinion is formed 
upon what the public is permitted to know and is 
not formed upon the actual facts which the public 
is not permitted to know. And for that reason 
Americans, remote as we are from the sources of 
information and especially remote from that most 
delicate of all indications, the pulse of public opin- 
ion in foreign countries, ought to be extremely slow 
to commit themselves to anything." 

From Bismarck's Autobiography, Vol. 2, page 
237: "Lord Palmerston did indeed on April 4, 
1836, say to the House of Commons, with an irony 
probably not understood by the mass of the mem- 
bers, that the selection of the papers regarding Kars 
to be laid before the House, had demanded great 
care and attention from persons occupying not a 
subordinate but a high position in the Foreign Of- 
fice. The Blue Book on Kars, the castrated dis- 

49 



patches of Sir Alexander Burns from Afghanistan 
and the communication of Ministers regarding the 
origin of the note which the Vienna Conference of 
1854 recommended to the Sultan for signature, in- 
stead of that of Mentchikoff are proof of the ease 
with which Parliament and the press of England 
can be deceived." 



Anglo-American Bankers Resort to 
Boycott 

By Richard M. McCann 

The interests that have made and are maintaining 
the war in Europe are the financiers of England and 
of the United States. 

These English and American financiers will not 
consent to peace among the warring nations until 
the value of German securities has been depreci- 
ated almost to nothing, when these financiers will 
take over the obligations at a mere pittance. Then 
the terms of peace to which they will assent will 
appear most magnanimous, perhaps without the 
payment of any money indemnity, for the reason 
that money indemnity would go to the treasury of 
the nations and not to the bankers. But the finan- 
ciers zvill insist that the obligations of Germany be 
met dollar for dollar, giving the financiers $20 for 
every dollar invested, while the nations will get 
nothing in return for the vast war expenditures and 
public losses. 

We hear of depreciation of values in Wall 
Street, of the operations of ''Bulls" and "Bears" 

50 



wiping out the patrimony of widows and orphans. 
Infamous as are these operations they cannot meas- 
ure in infamy with this combination of the finan- 
ciers of England and the United States to effect a 
depreciation of securities and values throughout the 
world, by the creation of widows and orphans 
through the sacrifice of the lives of men. 

Will the wage earners of England and America 
continue to supinely wait until the money interests 
have exhausted every resource in their attempt to 
crush Germany to the dust, that they may fasten 
upon the world a money slavery incomparably 
worse than black slavery? Or is money a god and 
the financiers its priests, who may not be questioned 
even by those dying at their hands? 

Our newspapers gloat over the orders from Eng- 
land for millions of dollars' worth of destructive 
weapons placed in this country through Charles 
Schwab. The people of this country should demand 
that Congress prohibit this traffic and that we be- 
come neutral in practice as in precept. For a na- 
tion, having no grievance against either belligerent, 
to furnish both of them with weapons for mutual 
destruction, is not justifiable under any circum- 
stances ; but to furnish one side for a money con- 
sideration, with such devices, when the other side 
cannot be equally supplied, is absolutely criminal. 
It is nothing short of aiding and abetting murder. 

Congress has enacted laws punishing by impris- 
onment conspiracies in restraint of trade. Here we 
find conspiracies against the peace and happiness 
of mankind, promoters of war and slayers of men. 
How long will these go unwhipped of justice?^ 

A few years ago people would laugh at the idea 

51 



that a Rockefeller could be indicted for an offense 
such as the New Haven conspiracy. A Rockefeller 
is under indictment for that offense today. 

The assertion that these financiers, conspirin^^ 
to loot the governments of the world can be 
brought to book may be scoffed at, but their turn 
will come. If the laws of this country are not now 
so framed as to give the requisite authority for the 
indictment and punishment of these misery makers, 
let legislation be enacted at the present session of 
Congress, placing the banking business of the coun- 
try in the government — the people and for the ben- 
efit of the people. 

The people of the United States cannot know that 
me men in control of finance, transportation and 
manufacturing in the United States are in league 
with the men in control of finance, transportation 
and manufacturing in England, for the purpose of 
monopolizing all the profits of the war even at the 
cost of millions of human lives on the battlefields 
of Europe and millions of human lives through des- 
titution in all other parts of the world. That such 
a band of human despoilers exists is demonstrated 
by the proposed boycott by the British Privy Coun- 
cil. It is also demonstr^ed by the record of the 
money manipulators in the past and by Anglo- 
American financial arrangements today, which sur- 
pass in plan and scope the money conspiracies 
against the people successfully carried out for the 
last thirty years. J 

y^ American cotton is in demand in England as it 
'never was before, but instead of purchasing Amer- 
ican cotton at a fair price, England sent to this 
country Sir George Paish, its foremost financier, to 

52 



collect an alleged bill of $250,000,000 due as a bal- 
ance of trade, when as a matter of fact the bal- 
ance of trade was growing daily in favor of the 
United States. In spite of this fact Sir George 
Paish put through a deal by which England was to 
get American cotton at the price American bankers 
had loaned on it, or 5 cents a pound, though it cost 
the planters 7 cents a pound to grow it. 

The Daily Consular Report, published by the De- 
partment of Commerce and Labor on November 7, 
contained this item : 

The Department of State is in receipt (November 
3) of a cablegram from the American embassy at Ber- 
hn statmg that the supply of cotton is about sold out 
in Bremen, which is the principal cotton market of 
Germany. At Hamburg spot cotton is quoted at 90 
pfennigs (19.432 cents per pound) and 85 pfennigs 
(18.352 cents per pound) offered for later delivery, 
with a drop in price likely should new cotton arrive 
in quantity. 

In the interior of Germany— at Stuttgart and 
Munich— the price is 1 mark per half kilo (21 5S>1 
cents per pound) ; at Magdeburg, 72 pfennigs (15 546 
cents per pound) ; at Coburg, 60 to 65 pfennigs (12.955 
to 14.034 cents per pound) for cotton coming by way 
VLo^?°^ ^^ Swedish ports; at Cologne, 78 pfennigs 
(16.841 cents per pound) delivered at Cologne; at 
Dresden, 7S pfennigs (16.193 cents per pound) this 
being the quotation on October 17. In Leipzig prices 
range from 66 to 107 pfennigs per half kilo (from 
14.25 to 23.102 cents per pound), free Leipzig ac- 
cording to quality. 

Here we see Leipzig offering 23 cents a pound 
for cotton, a price that would justify the risk of 
sendmg several shiploads there, but if such an at- 
tempt were successful the boycott against German 

53 



exchange would prevent the shippers cashing their 
drafts. 

Do the people of the United States realize that 
such an infamous transaction will not only ruin the 
cotton growers of the South, but shut down the 
mills of the North, just as soon as the looms in the 
factories over the sea begin to hum? 

Can such a transaction be sanctioned by the Gov- 
ernment of the United States? The Government 
that Jefferson characterized as "A wise and frugal 
Government, which shall restrain men from injur- 
ing one another, and shall not take from the mouth 
of labor the bread it has earned?" 

In 1873 the financiers of England paid $500,000 
to reap a profit of $9,000,000 in United States 
bonds. Of this transaction Senator Daniel of Vir- 
ginia, in the Senate, May 22, 1890, said : 

"In 1872, silver being demonetized in Germany, 
England and Holland, a capital of il 00,000 ($500,- 
000) was raised, and Ernest Seyd was sent to this 
country with this fund as agent for foreign bondhold- 
ers to effect the same object." 

This testimony is corroborated by the Congres- 
sional Globe of April 9, 1872, as follows : 

"Ernest Seyd, of London, a distinguished writer 
and bullionist, who is now here, has given great at- 
tention to the subject of mint and coinage. After 
having examined the first draft of this bill (for the 
demonetization of silver), he made various sensible 
suggestions, which the committee adopted and em- 
bodied in the bill." 

This conspiracy attracted some public attention 
and called forth condemnation, by some of the 
newspapers, long after the money clique had se- 

54 



cured their gains. Among those who exposed the 
conspiracy was Frederick A. Luckenbach, who ap- 
peared before James A. Miller, the Clerk of the 
Supreme Court, at Denver, Colo., on May 6, 1892, 
and made affidavit that as an inventor and busi- 
ness man, at Philadelphia and New York, he had 
made several business visits to London. He be- 
came well acquainted with Mr. Ernest Seyd in Lon- 
don, meeting him first in 1865, and renewing his 
acquaintance with him each year, and "upon each 
occasion became his guest at one or more times, 
joining his family at dinner or other meals." 

In February, 1874, while at dinner at Mr. Seyd's 
house, the conversation turned on rumored corrup- 
tion of the British Parliament, and Mr. Seyd told 
him that *'he (Seyd) could relate facts about the 
corruption of the American Congress that would 
place it far ahead of the English Parliament in that 
line." Mr. Lauterbach swore that after dinner Mr. 
Seyd took him apart and made this statement: 

"I went to America in the winter of 1872-'3, au- 
thorized to secure, if I could, a bill demonetizing sil- 
ver. It was to the interest of those I represented — ■ 
the governors of the Bank of England — to have it 
done. I took with me ilOO.OOO sterling ($500,000), 
with instructions that if it was not sufficient to ac- 
complish the object, to draw another £100,000, ox as 
much as was necessary. / saw the committee of the 
House and Senate, and paid the monev and stayed in 
America until I kriezv the measure was safe." 

The letter of Ernest Seyd to Mr. Hooper is pub- 
Ushed in the records of Congress (Senate Mis. Doc, 
No. 29, Fifty-third Congress, first session). It is 
dated ''La Princess Street Bank, London, Feb. 17, 

55 



1872," and among other things of a technical char- 
acter recommends the coining of a silver dollar of 
400 grains legal tender to any amount not exceed- 
ing $100. The panic of 1873 was the direct result 
of this demonetization. 

$500,000 Bought Control of This Nation's 
Finances. 

Under date of October 9, 1877, the following cir- 
cular was sent to all bankers of the country: 

"Dear Sir: It is advisable to do all in your power 
to sustain such prominent daily and weekly news- 
papers, especially the agricultural and religious press, 
as will oppose the issuing of greenback paper money, 
and that you also withhold patronage or favors from 
all applicants who are not willing to oppose the Gov- 
ernment issue of money. Let the Government issue 
the coin, and the banks issue the paper money of the 
country, for then we can better protect each other. 

"To repeal the law creating national bank notes, or 
to restore to circulation the Government issue of 
money, will be to provide the people with money, and 
will, therefore, seriously affect your individual profit 
as bankers and lenders. See your Congressman at 
once, and engage him to support our interests, that 
we may control legislation. 

"James Buell, Secretary, 
"247 Broadway, N. Y." 

During the war of the Rebellion the financiers of 
that date, as those of this day, were in league with 
Lombard street, and succeeded in sending gold to a 
premium reaching 185 per cent, in 1864. Charles 
Hazzard, an agent of London capitalists, in 1862, 
issued a circular to New York capitalists, which 
was discovered by Isaac Sharp, in 1873, on file in 

56 



the First National Bank of. Council Grove, Kans. 
This circular is as follows: 

"Slavery is likely to be abolished by the war power, 
and chattel slavery destroyed. This, I and my Euro- 
pean friends are in favor of, for slavery is but the 
owning of labor, and carries with it the care of the 
laborer, while the European plan, led on by England, 
, is capital control of labor by controlling wages. This 
can be done by controlling the money. The great 
debt, that capitalists will see to it is made out of the 
war, must be used as a measure to control the volume 
of money. To accomplish this, the bonds must be 
used as a banking basis. We are now waiting to get 
the Secretary of the Treasury to make this recommen- 
dation to Congress. It will not do to allow the green- 
back, as it is controlled, to circulate as money any 
length of time, as we cannot control them. But we 
can control the bonds, and through them the bank 
issues." 

Elsewhere under the title ''Fixing the Blame" 
will be found the authoritative statement that agree- 
ments between nations are actually arranged in 
secret by prominent individuals. In the light of 
these proven money conspiracies is it not fair to 
assume that this terrible war in Europe has its 
source in the machinations of money manipulators? 

Remember that the cotton planters of the South 
are practically destitute, although Germany would 
if permitted enrich them by paying more than 20 
cents a pound for cotton. The cotton mills of 
America are not working to capacity and England 
will not permit wool from abroad to be sent to this 
country, thereby keeping our woolen mills idle and 
our men and women out of employment. 

Remember that it is only by "hard times" and 
wars that the financiers make colossal fortunes. 

57 



Why will not the people banish ''hard times" and 
put an end to war for all time by demanding that 
the government become the banker? 

Germany has set the example of a nation pros- 
pering by having the government participate in the 
banks' profits and this is the reason English and 
American financiers will sacrifice the flower of the 
world's manhood to destroy Germany. Let the 
United States improve on Germany's precedent and 
become the nation's banker. Let us have no more 
money conspiracies with their attendant evils. Let 
us have no foreign entanglements. 

Let Us Have World Peace. 



58 



TO PEACE LOVING AMERICANS 

You doubtless realize that a continuance of this 
terrible War in Europe spells international disaster 
of a character that never before affected the indus- 
trial world. 

The study of German achievements will convince 
the most partisan that nothiujE^ is to be gained for 
commerce, art or literature in this war against 
Germany. 

This book is an appeal to reason and wholly in 
the interest of peace. 

The cable, the telegraph, fast ships and faster 
railroad trains link the nations so closely that the 
public opinion of one nation influences another more 
potently today than at any time in the past. 

America should demand World Peace in no un- 
certain tone. Willyou not help to give expression 
to that demand ? 

See that everyone you know has a copy of this 
book. 

The price is 10 cents the copy. 
Liberal Discount to Dealers. 

Address : 

WATERWAYS AND COMMERCE. 

150 Nassau Street. 
New York City. 



59 



Great Race Work Halted 

The crime of the ages is in perpetration to-day 
in Europe and a so-called twentieth century civil- 
ization does not seem to appreciate the enormity of 
the sacrilege. 

Having given to Music a Wagner, to Literature 
a Goethe and a Hauptmann, to Statesmanship a 
Bismarck, to Sovereignty a Wilhelm II (incon- 
testably the most honest and unselfish man who 
ever ruled a Kingdom), Germany was endeavoring 
to give to the world a nation of scientifically 
trained individuals, when without provocation or 
justification, Russia and France invaded her front- 
ier. 

The world knows that for thirty years Germany 
has been training boys and girls in the various 
walks of life for which nature seemed to have best 
fitted them. The ultimate results of this training 
could not be demonstrated with accuracy before the 
second or third generations. One generation alone 
has been trained and the results has been a nation 
of only two per cent, defectives, whereas, the world 
average of defectives is thirty per cent. What 
the next generation would have brought forth in 
Germany can never be known because this culture- 
killing war has called to arms and to death the 
flower of German manhood. The most important 
experiment ever attempted in stirpiculture is halted 
if not forever destroyed. All acts of vandalism in 
past centuries pale into insignificance before this 
record of race retardation. 

60 



The United States can, if its people and its Con- 
gress so will, call a halt to this disaster. Thou- 
sands of Americans are demanding that Congress 
act and at once. Already a handful of enlightened 
patriots m the halls of Congress are making that de- 
mand. They will have to be aided by the voices of 
millions before their cry reaches the ears and their 
words penetrate the understanding of the money- 
mad men who are encouraging the war for their 
personal gain. 

In order that Americans may be aroused to a 
realization of present conditions, this book on the 
war has been published. It is an appeal to the rea- 
son of Americans for fair play to Germany and to 
the world. It is in no sense a partisan or racial 
appeal. The price of the book is ten cents a copy. 
Its distribution should be as wide-spread as the 
Nation. Orders supplied by 

WATERWAYS & COMMERCE. 



t\ 



ALL SHOULD AID FOR WORLD 
PROGRESS 

To-day, the trade of the United States exceeds 
that of any other nation. 

Why? 

The answer is to be found in the pages of 
"Waterways & Commerce," a magazine that sets 
forth tersely and accurately the work accomplished 
for the benefit of humanity in the various lines of 
trade. 

Its purpose is to teach man to recognize his true 
friends, his true interests and the real value of the 
commercial processes that are working for civiliza- 
tion and human advancement. 

The printed word makes the most acceptable ap- 
peal to the human mind, and for that reason an 
educational publication such as ''Waterways & 
Commerce'" performs a distinct service to human- 

The mission of this magazine is to enlighten peo- 
ple on questions of finance and trade that are rarely 
if ever, discussed in the daily newspapers. 

Your co-operation in this work is requested. 
Will you not sign and mail the following? — 

1915. 

Publisher, Waterways & Commerce : 

Enclosed find $1.00 for which send me "Water- 
ways & Commerce" for one year. 



Name . . . 

Address.'-. . 

62 



Half a Ym of War 

Calculations Showing that Eight and One-Half 
Billions Will Have Been Spent by the End of 
January. 

British Exchequer returns report that the aver- 
age per diem cost of war to England was $4,050.- 
000 in August, $3,250,000 in September $5 350 000 
in October. $7,200,000 in November and $9,'85o'oOO 
in December, and cites the Chancellor of the Ex- 
chequer as predicting that the first full year of war 
will cost England $2,250,000,000. 

The French cost is thus figured up from the 
monthly reports of the Journal Officiel: 

Monthly. Rate per 6 mo. 

^"f '\ $537,500,000 $3,150,000,000 

^'f 7'^^'" 165,500,000 1,000,000,000 

^"'^'^"^ 175,000,000 1,050,000,000 

Russia's Minister of Finance has estimated a war 
expenditure of $892,500,000 up to October 13 

$1 7^000 nnii' '''^' ""! expenditure is estimated at 
$175,000,000 a month, exactly the same expenditure 
ast^ ranee. Ihis is an average of less than $6,000,- 
000 a day or one-third less than the expenditure of 
threat Britain alone. That the zvar is bringing Eng- 
land rapidly to a state of financial exhaustion is 
demonstrated by the fact that English securities 
have depreciated $400,000,000 in January 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 

015 845 506 7 ^ 



Waterways a-** Commerce 

An American Magazine established 
to bring about freedom to the seas 



THE TERRIBLE WORLD WAR ARISES 
FROM THE DETERMINATION OF ONE 
NATION TO DOMINATE THE OCEANS 

Such a determination is neither right nor just. 

Germany fights for the freedom of the seas. Her tri- 
umph will benefit all mankind. 

Germany stands for right and justice. For that reason 
WATERWAYS AND COMMERCE upholds 
Germany. 



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Waterways and Commerce, 150 Nassau St., New York 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 

015 845 506 7 



